Briefly describe what is O/S by providing relevant example.

The abbreviation of O/S is Operating System. It's the interface between the hardware and the system application software running on the Computer. Beside that, it is a suite program that controls the resource of, the processes in and the detailed actions of the processor in a computer. It's providing the platform between the application software and computer, ensuring that application software can actually be executed by providing the resource (memory, input devices, and output devices). It also is the manager of the computer, making sure that everything is controlled correctly.

The example of operating system, such as UNIX, MS-DOS, Window 98, Window NT, Window 95, LINUX and OS/2

 

What is UNIX? What is the different between UNIX and O/S?

The UNIX is a type of operating system; one of the UNIX function is manages the resource of the computer system to perform useful work. It's composed of three major parts, there are file, system, and the shell. The UNIX also consist 5 basic elements, there are commands, files, environment, process and jobs. Beside that, it's can adopt to different type of machine. The another main intention of UNIX is connect the entire dumb terminal to the mainframe (server), this also knows as networking.

The different between UNIX and O/S is the UNIX is a type of operating system and the O/S is system software that controls the computer.

 

Give 10 examples of basic command of UNIX. Explain the respective functionality.

The 10 example of command and functionality as the following:-

i.)$date - the UNIX system will displayed the current date and time.

ii.)$who - tells you who is using the system at the same time.

iii.)$passwd - allow you to change the old password to new password.

iv.)$clear - clear the current screen, and appear a new clean screen.

v.)$pwd - to show you the working (current) directory and path.

vi.)$ls - to list the content of a current directory. The ls command also provided many optional.

vii.)$cat - look at the content of a file. The syntax is $cat <filename>

viii.)$mkdir - make a new directory, the syntax is $mkdir <directory name>

ix.)$talk - talk is a visual communication program which copies lines of messages from your terminal to that of another user specified in another terminal. The syntax is $talk <login name>.

x.)$cd or $chdir - change working directory. Directory us an absolute or relative pathname which becomes the new working directory. The interpretation of a relative pathname by cd depends on the cd path environment variable.

xi.)$echo - the echo utility write any specified operands, separated by single blank characters and followed by a new line (\n) character, to the standard output. The syntax is $echo -n <string>.

 

What is a computer? What is the difference between computer, O/S and application?

The computer desire that executes sophisticated arithmetic and logic operations at high speeds without human step-by-step guidance or interference. It solves problem by accepting data, which it manipulates according to a series of instruction stored in its memory.

The difference between computer, O/S and application is the computer is a machine or device, the O/S is a system software that control the computer and application is a software that manipulate the data receive or instruction user key in. The example of computer is IBM or Machintosh, example of O/S is MS-DOS, Windows 95 or UNIX and application software are MS-Office, Corel Draw or Lotus Smart Suite.

 

How do you login into UNIX and logout from UNIX?

The following are the steps to login and logout from the UNIX:-

Login

Logout

Go to window start menu and click the RUN

In the command line type is exit. The syntax is "$exit"

In the RUN type in "telnet <host name>"

Another one is type in logout. "$logout"

After open the telnet, the telnet will request the login name, type in the <login name>

Type in bye also can, syntax is "$bye"

After the login name, the telnet will again request the password, type in the <password>

Otherwise, press control key and hold then following by D. The keys is "Crtl+D"

If you type in the correct <login name> and <password>, consequently you can enter the telnet. The messages of the day will appear and if you got a mail, the UNIX will tell you.

 

 

How do you checking or manipulating your mail in UNIX?

If you want to check a mail, just type in main in command line $main. If you want to send a mail to a particular person, just type is mail following by the login name, the syntax is $main <login name>. If the particular person is outsider, type mail following by e-mail address, $mail <e-mail address>.

 

Differentiate between file and directories. How to differentiate in UNIX (what command should you type)?

The file is the collection of related information accessed through an entry into the directory structures of the UNIX file system. The directories is containing information about other files and directories, directory contained another directory call subdirectory.

To differentiate file and directory should type in the command $ls -l, that's mean list the contain in long format. In this command will show you the is file or directory in the first - or d, if d is directory otherwise is file. Another command is $diff.

 

List 3 limitation of UNIX.

The three limitation of UNIX are case sensitive, need to re-learn the command because the command is difference from the DOS and user interface because all must type in the command (command driven) excluded install Xwindows.

 

Differentiate between Multi-users and Multi-tasking?

The multi-user is where two or more users excess the single computer (remote system or server) at the same time. The multi-tasking is a particular instance of multi-programming where two or more program (task) from single user runs at the same time on the particular computer.

 

List 5 advantages of UNIX.

The five advantages of UNIX are following:-
  1. i.) Can afford multi-taking and multi-users
  2. ii.) Data sharing, all the users can use the same data at the same time
  3. iii.) Networking capability, provide the client/server environment.
  4. iv.) Programming capability, built-in programming environment and allow command-line editing
  5. v.) Open source code, make available for programmers and user

 

What is shell? provide examples (4%)

Shell is a program that sites between an interactive user and the kernel. Typically shells are command line interpreters that read commands from a user input at the terminal through the standard input device (keyboard) or from a file and execute the commands. In the UNIX shell are more than command line interpreters - they are programming language. The system administrator or super user decides the type of shell that runs when you log in the telnet. When you login to a UNIX system , the shell program from your password file entry is executed as your login shell. If this field in your password file entry is empty, the Bourne shell is invoked by default. The shell just an ordinary program that can be called by a UNIX command. However, it containt some features, like variables, control structures and so on.

 

What is the different between each other?

Bourne Shell (/bin/sh)

Korn Shell (ksh)

C Shell (/bin/csh)

Standard UNIX Shell

Developed in 1982, by David Kord ar Bell Lab

Bill Joy developed as part of Berkeley System

Developed by Steven Bourne

Provides C Shell and Bourne Shell features, plus command line editing

Provide job control, history lists, aliases and a C-style syntax for programming purpose.

From UNIX version 7 and found on almost every UNI system

Newer development for the Bourne Shell and containt features not in Bourne Shell

Allows user to work on several jobs at once (multitasking), also enable user define new command

   

It found on 4.3BSD system

 

 

Write a syntax to create a directory in UNIX

The syntax of create a new directory is $mkdir <directory name>. The full name of mkdir is make directory.

Write a syntax to display current user that are logging to the UNIX system.

The syntax are $who and $finger.

What is the syntax to display user himself/herself information in the system?

The syntax is $who am i.

How do you remove directory in UNIX?

To remove a directory in UNIX system, you should type in a $rmdir command follow by directory name you want to erase. The syntax is $rmdir <directory name>.

 

How do you display the current working directory in UNIX?

You just need type in the pwd in command line. The syntax is $pwd.

What is the command for resetting the password in UNIX.

 

How do you reset your password under UNIX, how is the prompt looks like.

The command for resetting the password is $passwd.

Reset the password, the prompt will look like following:-

Changing local password for c04979

Old password: <type in the old password>

New password: <type in the new password>

Retype new password: <retype new password>

passwd updating the database...

passwd: done

 

How to rename a directory? How to move a directory back to user home directory?

You just type in the $mv command follow by old directory name and new directory name, the syntax is $mv <old directory name> <new directory name>.

To move a directory back to user home directory as the following:-

i.)First, you must make sure the current working directory, by type in $pwd

command.

ii.)Assume your current working directory is /usr/users/student/c04979, it also

your home directory

iii.)The directory you need to move is under

/usr/users/student/c04979/homework/unix

iv.)$mv /usr/users/student/c04979/homework/unix /usr/users/student/c04979

Another syntax is $mv homework/unix unix